2-comp-acid

{  (set: $showFooter to true) (set:$organicLayerTop to false) (set:$organicLayerBottom to false) (set:$organicLayer = "") (set:$wdComplete to false) (set:$rbComplete to false) (set: $bottomComplete to false) (set: $topComplete to false) (set: $N1A to "benzophenone") (set: $N1B to "fluorene") (set: $N1C to "naphthalene") (set: $N1Acap to "Benzophenone") (set: $N1Bcap to "Fluorene") (set: $N1Ccap to "Naphthalene") (set: $A1A to "<i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid") (set: $A1B to "4-nitrobenzoic acid") (set: $A1C to "phenylacetic acid") (set: $A1D to "<i>meta</i>-toluic acid") (set: $A1E to "<i>para</i>-toluic acid") (set: $A1Acap to "<i>trans</i>-Cinnamic Acid") (set: $A1Bcap to "4-Nitrobenzoic Acid") (set: $A1Ccap to "Phenylacetic Acid") (set: $A1Dcap to "<i>meta</i>-Toluic Acid") (set: $A1Ecap to "<i>para</i>-Toluic Acid") (set: $neutralCompound to (either: $N1A, $N1B, $N1C)) (set: $acidicCompound to (either: $A1A, $A1B, $A1C, $A1D, $A1E)) (set: $ExpOutlineLink to "<a href=\"_twine/documents/2-comp-A-N-Experiment-Outline.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Experiment Outline Template (PDF)</a>")  (set: $R1A to "diethyl ether") (set: $R1B to "dichloromethane") (set: $R1C to "methanol") (set: $R1D to "ethyl acetate") (set: $R1E to "toluene") (set: $R1Acap to "Diethyl Ether") (set: $R1Bcap to "Dichloromethane") (set: $R1Ccap to "Methanol") (set: $R1Dcap to "Ethyl Acetate") (set: $R1Ecap to "Toluene") (set: $R2A to "3 M HCl") (set: $R2B to "3 M NaOH") (set: $R2C to "12 M HCl") (set: $R2D to "12 M NaOH") (set: $R2E to "sat. NaCl (aq.)") (set: $R3A to "3 M HCl") (set: $R3B to "3 M NaOH") (set: $R3C to "12 M HCl") (set: $R3D to "12 M NaOH") (set: $R3E to "Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (anhydrous, solid)")  (set: $B1Aimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/ether-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of diethyl ether\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B1Bimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/dichloromethane-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of dichloromethane\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B1Cimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/methanol-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of methanol\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B1Dimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/ethyl-acetate-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of ethyl acetate\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B1Eimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/toluene-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of toluene\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B1Acaption to "<figcaption>Diethyl ether bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B1Bcaption to "<figcaption>Dichloromethane bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B1Ccaption to "<figcaption>Methanol bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B1Dcaption to "<figcaption>Ethyl acetate bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B1Ecaption to "<figcaption>Toluene bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B2Aimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/3MHCl-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of 3 M hydrochloric acid (aq)\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B2Bimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/3MNaOH-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of 3 M sodium hydroxide (aq)\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B2Cimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/12MHCl-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of 12 M hydrochloric acid (aq)\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B2Dimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/12MNaOH-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of 12 M sodium hydroxide (aq)\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B2Eimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/NaCl-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of sodium chloride (aq)\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B2Acaption to "<figcaption>3 M hydrochloric acid (aq) bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B2Bcaption to "<figcaption>3 M sodium hydroxide (aq) bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B2Ccaption to "<figcaption>12 M hydrochloric acid (aq) bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B2Dcaption to "<figcaption>12 M sodium hydroxide (aq) bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B2Ecaption to "<figcaption>Saturated sodium chloride (aq) bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B3Aimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/3MHCl-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of 3 M hydrochloric acid (aq)\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B3Bimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/3MNaOH-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of 3 M sodium hydroxide (aq)\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B3Cimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/12MHCl-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of 12 M hydrochloric acid (aq)\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B3Dimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/12MNaOH-crop.png\"; alt=\"bottle of 12 M sodium hydroxide (aq)\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B3Eimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/Na2SO4-crop.png\"; alt=\"container of anhydrous sodium sulfate\" tabindex=\"0\">") (set: $B3Acaption to "<figcaption>3 M hydrochloric acid (aq) bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B3Bcaption to "<figcaption>3 M sodium hydroxide (aq) bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B3Ccaption to "<figcaption>12 M hydrochloric acid (aq) bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B3Dcaption to "<figcaption>12 M sodium hydroxide (aq) bottle</figcaption>") (set: $B3Ecaption to "<figcaption>Anhydrous sodium sulfate container</figcaption>") (set: $CorrectSolventVideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/QetagWctRlc?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $R2AvidAqTop to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/WqeEgBjP02g?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $R2AvidAqBtm to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/e2RqJ-Ej_tM?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $R2BvidAqTop to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/ws7G7ojwNn4?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $R2BvidAqBtm to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/DPcvGU-jzJo?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $R2CvidAqTop to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/4Hl38oUvLeg?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $R2CvidAqBtm to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Z4HFEHUA2HY?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $R2Dvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/7jCY9SaZuD0?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $R2EvidAqTop to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/VtPx2xqyPIU?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $R2EvidAqBtm to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/JB3mev5DlcI?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $R3Cvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/pJ9pA_xR54Y?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $R3Evideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/NgJ7jaHd0Xg?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>")  (set: $SFimage1A to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/sf-org-layer-crop.png\"; alt=\"Separatory funnel with unknown sample dissolved in solvent\">") (set: $SFillus1A to "<img src=\"_twine/images/vessels/sf-unknown-solvent-reagent.png\"; alt=\"Separatory funnel with unknown sample dissolved in solvent\">") (set: $SFimage1Acaption to "<figcaption>Separatory funnel with unknown sample dissolved in $reagentOne</figcaption>") (set: $SFillus1Acaption to "<figcaption>Separatory funnel with unknown sample dissolved in $reagentOne</figcaption>") (set: $SFimage2A to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/sf-two-layers-orgtop.png\"; alt=\"Separatory funnel containing biphasic system comprised of the unknown mixture, organic solvent, and 3 M NaOH\">") (set: $SFimage2Av2 to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/sf-two-layers-orgbtm.png\"; alt=\"Separatory funnel containing biphasic system comprised of the unknown mixture, organic solvent, and 3 M NaOH\">") (set: $SFillusorgtop to "<img src=\"_twine/images/vessels/sf-org-top-crop.png\"; alt=\"Separatory funnel containing biphasic system comprised of the unknown mixture, organic solvent, and 3 M NaOH\">") (set: $SFillusorgbtm to "<img src=\"_twine/images/vessels/sf-org-btm-crop.png\"; alt=\"Separatory funnel containing biphasic system comprised of the unknown mixture, organic solvent, and 3 M NaOH\">") (set: $SFimage2Acaption to "<figcaption>Separatory funnel containing biphasic system comprised of the unknown mixture, organic solvent, and 3 M NaOH</figcaption>") (set: $SFimage2Av2caption to "<figcaption>Separatory funnel containing biphasic system comprised of the unknown mixture, organic solvent, and 3 M NaOH</figcaption>") (set: $SFillusorgtopcaption to "<figcaption>Separatory funnel containing biphasic system comprised of the unknown mixture, organic solvent, and 3 M NaOH</figcaption>") (set: $SFillusorgbtmcaption to "<figcaption>Separatory funnel containing biphasic system comprised of the unknown mixture, organic solvent, and 3 M NaOH</figcaption>")  (set: $SFBeakerAqBtmimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/sf-btmlayer-aq-beaker.png\"; alt=\"Beaker containing the aqueous layer drained from the separatory funnel; organic layer remains in the funnel\">") (set: $SFBeakerAqBtmimagecaption to "<figcaption>Beaker containing the aqueous layer drained from the separatory funnel; organic layer remains in the funnel</figcaption>") (set: $SFBeakerOrgBtmimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/sf-btmlayer-org-beaker.png\"; alt=\"Beaker containing the organic layer drained from the separatory funnel; aqueous layer remains in the funnel\">") (set: $SFBeakerOrgBtmimagecaption to "<figcaption>Beaker containing the organic layer drained from the separatory funnel; aqueous layer remains in the funnel</figcaption>") (set: $SFBeakerAqTopimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/sf-toplayer-aq-beaker.png\"; alt=\"Beaker containing the aqueous layer drained from the separatory funnel, which is now empty\">") (set: $SFBeakerAqTopimagecaption to "<figcaption>Beaker containing the aqueous layer drained from the separatory funnel, which is now empty</figcaption>") (set: $SFBeakerOrgTopimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/sf-toplayer-org-beaker.png\"; alt=\"Beaker containing the organic layer drained from the separatory funnel, which is now empty\">") (set: $SFBeakerOrgTopimagecaption to "<figcaption>Beaker containing the organic layer drained from the separatory funnel, which is now empty</figcaption>") (set: $BeakerOrgimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/beaker-org.png\"; alt=\"Beaker containing the organic layer\">") (set: $BeakerOrgimagecaption to "<figcaption>Beaker containing the organic layer</figcaption>") (set: $BeakerOrgillus to "<img src=\"_twine/images/vessels/beaker-org-mol.png\"; alt=\"Illustration of a beaker containing the organic layer\">") (set: $BeakerOrgilluscaption to "<figcaption>Illustration of beaker containing the organic layer</figcaption>") (set: $BeakerOrgPrecipimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/beaker-org-dry.png\"; alt=\"Beaker containing the organic layer and anhydrous sodium sulfate\">") (set: $BeakerOrgPrecipimagecaption to "<figcaption>Beaker containing the organic layer and anhydrous sodium sulfate</figcaption>") (set: $BeakerOrgPrecipillus to "<img src=\"_twine/images/vessels/beaker-org-dry-mol.png\"; alt=\"Illustration of beaker containing the organic layer and anhydrous sodium sulfate\">") (set: $BeakerOrgPrecipilluscaption to "<figcaption>Illustration of beaker containing the organic layer and anhydrous sodium sulfate</figcaption>") (set: $BeakerAqimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/beaker-aq.png\"; alt=\"Beaker containing the aqueous layer\">") (set: $BeakerAqimagecaption to "<figcaption>Beaker containing the aqueous layer</figcaption>") (set: $BeakerAqilluspH to "<img src=\"_twine/images/vessels/beaker-aq-basic.png\";alt=\"Diagram of the beaker containing a basic (pH 12) aqueous solution of the ionizable acid compound in its deprotonated, conjugate base form\">") (set: $BeakerAqilluspHcaption to "<figcaption>Diagram of the beaker containing a basic (pH 12) aqueous solution of the ionizable acid compound in its deprotonated, conjugate base form</figcaption>") (set: $BeakerAqillus to "<img src=\"_twine/images/vessels/beaker-aq-basic-mol.png\"; alt=\"Illustration of a beaker containing the aqueous layer\">") (set: $BeakerAqilluscaption to "<figcaption>Illustration of beaker containing the aqueous layer</figcaption>") (set: $BeakerAqPrecipimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/beaker-aq-prec.png\"; alt=\"Beaker containing acidified aqueous layer and precipitate inside the fume hood\">") (set: $BeakerAqPrecipimagecaption to "<figcaption>Beaker containing acidified aqueous layer and precipitate</figcaption>") (set: $BeakerAqPrecipilluspH to "<img src=\"_twine/images/vessels/beaker-aq-acid-prec.png\"; alt=\"Diagram of the beaker containing an acidic (pH 2) aqueous solution of the ionizable acid compound in its protonated form as a precipitate\">") (set: $BeakerAqPrecipilluspHcaption to "<figcaption>Diagram of the beaker containing an acidic (pH 2) aqueous solution of the ionizable acid compound in its protonated form as a precipitate</figcaption>") (set: $BeakerAqPrecipillus to "<img src=\"_twine/images/vessels/beaker-aq-prec-mol.png\"; alt=\"Illustration of beaker containing acidified aqueous layer and precipitate\">") (set: $BeakerAqPrecipilluscaption to "<figcaption>Illustration of beaker containing acidified aqueous layer and precipitate</figcaption>")  (set: $M1Acap to "Non-ionizable compound") (set: $M1Bcap to "Deprotonated form of the ionizable acid compound ('salt of the acid')") (set: $M1Ccap to "Protonated form of the ionizable acid compound (non-ionized)") (set: $M1Dcap to "Water") (set: $M1Ecap to "Hydronium ion") (set: $M1A to "non-ionizable compound") (set: $M1B to "deprotonated form of the ionizable acid compound ('salt of the acid')") (set: $M1C to "protonated form of the ionizable acid compound (non-ionized)") (set: $M1D to "water") (set: $M1E to "hydronium ion") (set: $P1Acap to "Non-ionizable compound") (set: $P1Bcap to "Deprotonated form of the ionizable acid compound ('salt of the acid')") (set: $P1Ccap to "Protonated form of the ionizable acid compound (non-ionized)") (set: $P1Dcap to "Water") (set: $P1Ecap to "Hydronium ion") (set: $P1A to "non-ionizable compound") (set: $P1B to "deprotonated form of the ionizable acid compound ('salt of the acid')") (set: $P1C to "protonated form of the ionizable acid compound (non-ionized)") (set: $P1D to "water") (set: $P1E to "hydronium ion") (set: $P2Acap to "Non-ionizable compound") (set: $P2Bcap to "Deprotonated form of the ionizable acid compound ('salt of the acid')") (set: $P2Ccap to "Protonated form of the ionizable acid compound (non-ionized)") (set: $P2Dcap to "Water") (set: $P2Ecap to "Hydronium ion") (set: $P2A to "non-ionizable compound") (set: $P2B to "deprotonated form of the ionizable acid compound ('salt of the acid')") (set: $P2C to "protonated form of the ionizable acid compound (non-ionized)") (set: $P2D to "water") (set: $P2E to "hydronium ion") (set: $T1Acap to "Vacuum Filtration then Rotary Evaporation") (set: $T1Bcap to "Vacuum Filtration then Distillation") (set: $T1Ccap to "Decanting then Rotary Evaporation") (set: $T1Dcap to "Decanting then Distillation") (set: $T1Ecap to "Rotary Evaporation then Decanting") (set: $T1A to "vacuum filtration then rotary evaporation") (set: $T1B to "vacuum filtration then distillation") (set: $T1C to "decanting then rotary evaporation") (set: $T1D to "decanting then distillation") (set: $T1E to "rotary evaporation then decanting") (set: $T2Acap to "Vacuum Filtration") (set: $T2Bcap to "Rotary Evaporation") (set: $T2Ccap to "Distillation") (set: $T2Dcap to "Decanting") (set: $T2Ecap to "No Further Treatment Required") (set: $T2A to "vacuum filtration") (set: $T2B to "rotary evaporation") (set: $T2C to "distillation") (set: $T2D to "decanting") (set: $T2E to "no further treatment required")  (set: $T1Avideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Xwrf3uWj2MY?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $T1Bvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/AZblRFauZpU?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $T1Cvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/d3OBFuCIS4w?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $T1Dvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/eJF6W6zvcKI?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $T1Evideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/zdDsrNhf8hw?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $T2Avideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/IPeJiTi9LU4?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $T2Bvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/jNsbV7Damnw?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $T2Cvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/GJtxD0m8l6k?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $T2Dvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/R6NcCf2pndc?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $T2Evideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/sdweC83CB0o?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $N1Aimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/compounds/benzophenone-white.png\"; alt=\"Chemical structure of benzophenone\">") (set: $N1Aimagecaption to "<figcaption>Chemical structure of benzophenone</figcaption>") (set: $N1Bimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/compounds/fluorene-white.png\"; alt=\"Chemical structure of fluorene\">") (set: $N1Bimagecaption to "<figcaption>Chemical structure of fluorene</figcaption>") (set: $N1Cimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/compounds/naphthalene-white.png\"; alt=\"Chemical structure of naphthalene\">") (set: $N1Cimagecaption to "<figcaption>Chemical structure of naphthalene</figcaption>") (set: $A1Aimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/compounds/cinnamic-white.png\"; alt=\"Chemical structure of trans-cinnamic acid\">") (set: $A1Aimagecaption to "<figcaption>Chemical structure of <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid</figcaption>") (set: $A1Bimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/compounds/nitrobenzoic-white.png\"; alt=\"Chemical structure of 4-nitrobenzoic acid\">") (set: $A1Bimagecaption to "<figcaption>Chemical strucutre of 4-nitrobenzoic acid</figcaption>") (set: $A1Cimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/compounds/phenylacetic-white.png\"; alt=\"Chemical structure of phenylacetic acid\">") (set: $A1Cimagecaption to "<figcaption>Chemical structure of phenylacetic acid</figcaption>") (set: $A1Dimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/compounds/metatoluic-white.png\"; alt=\"Chemical structure of meta-toluic acid\">") (set: $A1Dimagecaption to "<figcaption>Chemical structure of <i>meta</i>-toluic acid</figcaption>") (set: $A1Eimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/compounds/paratoluic-white.png\"; alt=\"Chemical structure of para-toluic acid\">") (set: $A1Eimagecaption to "<figcaption>Chemical structure of <i>para</i>-toluic acid</figcaption>")  (set: $N1Arange1 to "between 37-52°C") (set: $N1Arange2 to "between 49-52°C") (set: $N1Arange3 to "between 47-50°C") (set: $N1Arange4 to "50°C") (set: $N1Brange1 to "114°C") (set: $N1Brange2 to "between 114-116°C") (set: $N1Brange3 to "between 101-116°C") (set: $N1Brange4 to "between 111-114°C") (set: $N1Crange1 to "between 79-83°C") (set: $N1Crange2 to "83°C") (set: $N1Crange3 to "between 80-82°C") (set: $N1Crange4 to "between 70-84°C") (set: $N1Avideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Bd6hC_BveIU?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $N1Bvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/VCW7c3mCjhI?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $N1Cvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/mXOWwbyAGnk?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $A1Arange1 to "between 133-134°C") (set: $A1Arange2 to "between 132-135°C") (set: $A1Arange3 to "134°C") (set: $A1Arange4 to "between 120-136°C") (set: $A1Brange1 to "244°C") (set: $A1Brange2 to "between 227-244°C") (set: $A1Brange3 to "between 237-244°C") (set: $A1Brange4 to "between 237-240°C") (set: $A1Crange1 to "between 75-78°C") (set: $A1Crange2 to "between 74-77°C") (set: $A1Crange3 to "between 66-79°C") (set: $A1Crange4 to "78°C") (set: $A1Drange1 to "between 96-114°C") (set: $A1Drange2 to "between 110-112°C") (set: $A1Drange3 to "112°C") (set: $A1Drange4 to "between 107-113°C") (set: $A1Erange1 to "between 159-180°C") (set: $A1Erange2 to "180°C") (set: $A1Erange3 to "between 174-179°C") (set: $A1Erange4 to "between 177-180°C") (set: $A1Avideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/FcBaRBawi3Q?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $A1Bvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/wTaFY0lh8Ds?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $A1Cvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/hOKJcr887vc?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $A1Dvideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/kGX4bXbVoso?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $A1Evideo to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/vHsm9fj1-Zw?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>")  (set: $LLEintro to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/LLE-intro.png\"; alt=\"Initial vial of the unknown solid mixture and unknown constituents\"><figcaption>Initial vial of the unknown solid mixture and unknown constituents</figcaption>") (set: $LLEintrocaption to "<figcaption>Initial vial of the unknown solid mixture and unknown constituents</figcaption>") (set: $isolationComplete to "<img src=\"_twine/images/bottles/BA-LLE.png\"; alt=\"Initial vial of the unknown solid mixture compared to the isolated components: solid non-ionizable compound in a round bottom flask and solid ionizable acid component in watch glass\">") (set: $isolationCompletecaption to "<figcaption>Initial vial of the unknown solid mixture compared to the isolated components: solid non-ionizable compound in a round bottom flask and solid ionizable acid component in watch glass</figcaption>") (set: $drainOrgBottomvid to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/I5tWrUPdIjU?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $SFdraintopaq to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/sf-aqtop-emptybeaker.png\"; alt=\"Separatory funnel containing the aqueous layer; empty beaker below\"><figcaption>Separatory funnel containing the aqueous layer; empty beaker below</figcaption>") (set: $drainAqBottomvid to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/5fBQAh9odCE?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $drainOrgTopvid to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/zw3wqktZUxY?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $SFdraintoporg to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/sf-orgtop-emptybeaker.png\"; alt=\"Separatory funnel containing the organic layer; empty beaker below\"><figcaption>Separatory funnel containing the organic layer; empty beaker below</figcaption>") (set: $drainAqTopvid to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/w75J16UJP00?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") (set: $fhEmptyImage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/fh-empty.jpg\"; alt=\"empty fume hood\"><figcaption>Empty fume hood in chemistry laboratory</figcaption>") (set: $fhSepFunImage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/fh-sepfunnel.jpg\"; alt=\"Fume hood with empty separatory funnel, empty beaker, and unknown sample\"><figcaption>Fume hood containing an empty separatory funnel, an empty beaker and the unknown sample</figcaption>") (set: $RBFimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/rbf-org.png\"; alt=\"Round bottom flask containing the solid residue after rotary evaporation\">") (set: $RBFimagecaption to "<figcaption>Round bottom flask containing the solid residue after rotary evaporation</figcaption>") (set: $NeutralMass to "0." + (text: (random: 20,95)) + "0 g") (set: $WGimage to "<img src=\"_twine/images/lab/WGaq.png\"; alt=\"Watch glass containing the solid residue after vacuum filtration\">") (set: $WGimagecaption to "<figcaption>Watch glass containing the solid residue after vacuum filtration</figcaption>") (set: $AcidMass to "0." + (text: (random: 20,95)) + "0 g") (set: $WGwashing to "<br><iframe class=\"center-vid\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/KInr4hT8x4g?rel=0&enablejsapi=1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe></br>") }

<div class="step">Choice of Organic Solvent</div> <p>Notice you now have a separatory funnel, an empty 100 mL beaker and your unknown sample in your fume hood. The unknown sample ID is <b>(if:$neutralCompound is $N1A)[3](else-if:$neutralCompound is $N1B)[5](else-if:$neutralCompound is $N1C)[7](if:$acidicCompound is $A1A)[2](else-if:$acidicCompound is $A1B)[4](else-if:$acidicCompound is $A1C)[6](else-if:$acidicCompound is $A1D)[8](else-if:$acidicCompound is $A1E)[0]</b> and the solid weighs <b>exactly 2.00 g</b> and is a 1:1 mixture by mass of each unknown.</p><p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Note down your unknown number and the initial mass of the solid sample in your experimental outline.</br></div></p><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$fhSepFunImage</li></ul> <p>Now you need to select a solvent that will dissolve your organic compounds in their neutral, non-charged form. For a successful liquid-liquid extraction, this solvent should be:<ul><li>not miscible (immiscible) with water to allow the formation of two layers in the separatory funnel and</li><li>sufficiently volatile to be removed by rotary evaporation</li><li>relatively inert so to not react with aqueous or bases used or constituents of the mixture to separate</li></ul></p> <p>The chosen solvent will be used to dissolve your unknown mixture containing an ionizable acid and a non-ionizable compound in a beaker before transferring the solution to the separatory funnel.</p> <p>In your flammables safety cabinet, you find five bottles of solvent. Which would be an appropriate choice in the liquid-liquid extraction?</p><p><b>Select a bottle to inspect the properties and hazard information</b> for each solvent if you need to review them.</p> <ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-item">[[bottle a<-<div class="img-clickable">$B1Aimage</div>]]$B1Acaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[bottle b<-<div class="img-clickable">$B1Bimage</div>]]$B1Bcaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[bottle c<-<div class="img-clickable">$B1Cimage</div>]]$B1Ccaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[bottle d<-<div class="img-clickable">$B1Dimage</div>]]$B1Dcaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[bottle e<-<div class="img-clickable">$B1Eimage</div>]]$B1Ecaption</li></ul> <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Select your solvent:</br><ul> <li>(link: $R1Acap)[(set: $reagentOne to $R1A)(goto: "feedbackOne")]</li><li>(link: $R1Bcap)[(set: $reagentOne to $R1B)(goto: "feedbackOne")]</li> <li>(link: $R1Ccap)[(set: $reagentOne to $R1C)(goto: "feedbackOne")]</li><li>(link: $R1Dcap)[(set: $reagentOne to $R1D)(goto: "feedbackOne")]</li> <li>(link: $R1Ecap)[(set: $reagentOne to $R1E)(goto: "feedbackOne")]</li></ul></div>

<div class="step">Choice of Aqueous Reagent</div> <p>Your unknown mixture is now dissolved in $reagentOne and in the separatory funnel. Your next step is to <b>select an aqueous reagent</b> that will react with one of the compounds in the mixture to create a water-miscible ion. =|=  [<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$SFimage1A$SFimage1Acaption</li></ul>] =|=  [<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$SFillus1A$SFillus1Acaption</li></ul>] |==| In the laboratory, you have access to the following aqueous solutions. <p><b>Click on a bottle to inspect the properties and hazard information</b> for each reagent if you need to review them.</p> <ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-item">[[aq a<-<div class="img-clickable">$B2Aimage</div>]]$B2Acaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[aq b<-<div class="img-clickable">$B2Bimage</div>]]$B2Bcaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[aq c<-<div class="img-clickable">$B2Cimage</div>]]$B2Ccaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[aq d<-<div class="img-clickable">$B2Dimage</div>]]$B2Dcaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[aq e<-<div class="img-clickable">$B2Eimage</div>]]$B2Ecaption</li></ul> <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Select your aqueous reagent:</br><ul> <li>(link: $R2A)[(set: $reagentTwo to $R2A)(goto: "feedbackTwo")]</li> <li>(link: $R2B)[(set: $reagentTwo to $R2B)(goto: "feedbackTwo")]</li> <li>(link: $R2C)[(set: $reagentTwo to $R2C)(goto: "feedbackTwo")]</li> <li>(link: $R2D)[(set: $reagentTwo to $R2D)(goto: "feedbackTwo")]</li> <li>(link: $R2E)[(set: $reagentTwo to $R2E)(goto: "feedbackTwo")]</li> </ul></div>

<div class="step">Identification of Biphasic System</div>(if:$reagentOne is $R1A or $reagentOne is $R1D)[(set:$organicLayerTop to true)](else-if:$reagentOne is $R1B)[(set:$organicLayerBottom to true)](if:$organicLayerTop)[(set:$organicLayer = "top")](else-if:$organicLayerBottom)[(set:$organicLayer = "bottom")] <p>Your separatory funnel now contains a biphasic system comprised of $reagentOne and $reagentTwo. =|=  (if:$organicLayerTop)[<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$SFimage2A$SFimage2Acaption</li></ul>](else-if:$organicLayerBottom)[<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$SFimage2Av2$SFimage2Av2caption</li></ul>] =|=  (if:$organicLayerTop)[<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$SFillusorgtop$SFillusorgtopcaption</li></ul>](else-if:$organicLayerBottom)[<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$SFillusorgbtm$SFillusorgbtmcaption</li></ul>] |==| <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Which layer is the organic layer?</br> <ul><li>[[Organic layer is on the top->Organic top]]</li><li>[[Organic layer is on the bottom->Organic bottom]]</li></ul></div>

<div class="step">Identification of Biphasic System</div>(if:$organicLayerTop)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the layer identification!</br></div><p><b>Correct</b>, the organic layer is at the top since $reagentOne is less dense than water.</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Check the appropriate boxes on your experimental outline</br></div><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image"><img src="_twine/images/vessels/sf-org-top-labels.png";alt="separatory funnel with organic layer on top and aqueous layer on bottom"><figcaption>Separatory funnel with organic layer on top and aqueous layer on bottom</figcaption></li></ul><p>You will now drain the bottom layer from the separatory funnel. The video below demonstrates how this is achieved.</p> $drainAqBottomvid <div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Next->aqueous layer top]]</span></button></div>](else-if:$organicLayerBottom)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the layer identification!</br></div><p>That is <b>incorrect</b>. What physical property of the organic solvent would determine if it settled above or below the aqueous layer? Note that because aqueous reagents used are fairly dilute, we can assume that the aqueous layer roughly has the same physical properties as water, aside from acid-base reactivity.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[Choose another option->choose third]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Identification of Biphasic System</div>(if:$organicLayerBottom)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the layer identification!</br></div><p><b>Correct</b>, the organic layer is at the bottom since $reagentOne is more dense than water.</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Check the appropriate boxes on your experimental outline</br></div></p><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image"><img src="_twine/images/vessels/sf-org-btm-labels.png";alt="separatory funnel with aqueous layer on top and organic on bottom"><figcaption>Separatory funnel with aqueous layer on top and organic layer on the bottom</figcaption></li></ul><p>You will now drain the bottom layer from the separatory funnel. The video below demonstrates how this is achieved.</p>$drainOrgBottomvid <div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Next->aqueous layer bottom]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$organicLayerTop)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the layer identification!</br></div><p>That is <b>incorrect</b>. What physical property of the organic solvent would determine if it settled above or below the aqueous layer? Note that because aqueous reagents used are fairly dilute, we can assume that the aqueous layer roughly has the same physical properties as water, aside from acid-base reactivity.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[Choose another option->choose third]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Content of the Aqueous Layer</div>(if:$organicLayerTop)[<p>You have separated the aqueous layer (bottom layer) from the organic layer. The organic layer remains in the separatory funnel as you work on the aqueous layer drained into a beaker.</p><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$SFBeakerAqBtmimage$SFBeakerAqBtmimagecaption</li></ul>](else-if:$organicLayerBottom)[<p>The aqueous layer remained in the separatory funnel as you worked on the organic layer. Watch the video below demonstrating the drainage of the final layer into a beaker:</p>$drainAqTopvid<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$SFBeakerAqTopimage$SFBeakerAqTopimagecaption</li></ul>] <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Which molecule does the <b>aqueous layer</b> contain at this point of the separation?</br><ul> <li>(link: $M1Acap)[(set: $moleculeTop to $M1A)(goto: "feedbackTopOne")]</li> <li>(link: $M1Bcap)[(set: $moleculeTop to $M1B)(goto: "feedbackTopOne")]</li> <li>(link: $M1Ccap)[(set: $moleculeTop to $M1C)(goto: "feedbackTopOne")]</li> <li>(link: $M1Dcap)[(set: $moleculeTop to $M1D)(goto: "feedbackTopOne")]</li> <li>(link: $M1Ecap)[(set: $moleculeTop to $M1E)(goto: "feedbackTopOne")]</li></ul></div>

<div class="step">Choice of Aqueous Reagent</div> (if:$reagentTwo is $R2A)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the aqueous reagent choice!</br></div><p>You chose $reagentTwo. This is not an appropriate choice. 3 M HCl will not allow for separation of the molecules.</p> <p>Watch the video below before returning to the reagent selection page. It explains how to use acid-base properties of organic compounds to separate them in liquid-liquid extraction.</p>(if:$reagentOne is $R1A or $R1D)[$R2AvidAqBtm](else:)[$R2AvidAqTop]<div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose second<-Choose another reagent]]</span></button></div>] (else-if: $reagentTwo is $R2B)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the aqueous reagent choice!</br></div><p>You chose $reagentTwo. This is the <b>correct</b> reagent to deprotonate the ionizable acid compound and move it to the aqueous layer!</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record your aqueous reagent choice in your experimental outline.</br></div> <p> Watch the video below for this portion of the procedure, including how the shaking process allows for acid-base reaction to happen and cause the change in solubility of the ionizable acid compound.</p> (if:$reagentOne is $R1A or $R1D)[$R2BvidAqBtm](else:)[$R2BvidAqTop]<div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[choose third<-Next]]</span></button></div>] (else-if: $reagentTwo is $R2C)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the aqueous reagent choice!</br></div><p>You chose $reagentTwo. This is not an appropriate choice. $reagentTwo will not allow for the separation of the molecules. In addition, be sure to consider safety hazards of the reagents you choose. In this case, you will be shaking the separatory funnel and splashes could happen.</p> <p>Watch the video below before returning to the reagent selection page. It explains how to use acid-base properties of organic compounds to separate them in liquid-liquid extraction.</p> (if:$reagentOne is $R1A or $R1D)[$R2CvidAqBtm](else:)[$R2CvidAqTop]<div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose second<-Choose another reagent]]</span></button></div>] (else-if: $reagentTwo is $R2D)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the aqueous reagent choice!</br></div><p>You chose $reagentTwo. This is not an appropriate choice. While $reagentTwo would cause a reaction and change in solubility of one of the compounds, you must consider safety hazards of the reagents you use. Since you will be shaking the separatory funnel, splashes could happen.</p> <p>Watch the video below before returning to the reagent selection page. It explains how to use acid-base properties of organic compounds to separate them in liquid-liquid extraction.</p>$R2Dvideo<div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose second<-Choose another reagent]]</span></button></div>] (else-if: $reagentTwo is $R2E)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the aqueous reagent choice!</br></div><p>You chose $reagentTwo. This is not an appropriate choice. Saturated aqueous sodium chloride will not allow for separation of the molecules.</p> <p>Watch the video below before returning to the reagent selection page. It explains how to use acid-base properties of organic compounds to separate them in liquid-liquid extraction.</p> (if:$reagentOne is $R1A or $R1D)[$R2EvidAqBtm](else:)[$R2EvidAqTop]<div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose second<-Choose another reagent]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Choice of Organic Solvent</div> (if:$reagentOne is $R1A)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the solvent choice!</br></div><p>You chose $reagentOne. This is a <b>correct</b> choice! You would obtain a biphasic system with this solvent and an aqueous reagent, and this solvent is volatile enough to evaporate by rotary evaporation.</p> <p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record your solvent choice in your experimental outline.</br></div></p> <p>Watch the video below to see the preparation of your unknown sample solution and addition to the separatory funnel.</p>$CorrectSolventVideo<div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Next->choose second]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$reagentOne is $R1B)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the solvent choice!</br></div><p>You chose $reagentOne. This is a <b>correct</b> choice! You would obtain a biphasic system with this solvent and an aqueous reagent, and this solvent is volatile enough to evaporate by rotary evaporation.</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record your solvent choice in your experimental outline.</br></div> <p> Watch the video below to see the preparation of your unknown sample solution and addition to the separatory funnel.</p> $CorrectSolventVideo<div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Next->choose second]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$reagentOne is $R1C)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the solvent choice!</br></div><p>You chose $reagentOne. This is not an appropriate choice. Please review this solvent’s properties. Remember that the system containing the organic solvent and an aqueous solution should be biphasic.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[Choose another solvent->choose first]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$reagentOne is $R1D)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the solvent choice!</br></div><p>You chose $reagentOne. This is a <b>correct</b> choice! You would obtain a biphasic system with this solvent and an aqueous reagent, and this solvent is volatile enough to evaporate by rotary evaporation.</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record your solvent choice in your experimental outline.</br></div> <p>Watch the video below to see the preparation of your unknown sample solution and addition to the separatory funnel.</p> $CorrectSolventVideo<div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Next->choose second]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$reagentOne is $R1E)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the solvent choice!</br></div><p>You chose $reagentOne. This is not an appropriate choice. Please review this solvent’s properties. Remember that the system containing the organic solvent and an aqueous solution should be biphasic.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[Choose another solvent->choose first]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Content of the Organic Layer</div>(if:$organicLayerBottom)[<p>You have separated the organic layer (bottom layer) from the aqueous layer. The aqueous layer remains in the separatory funnel as you work on the organic layer drained into a beaker.</p> <ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$SFBeakerOrgBtmimage$SFBeakerOrgBtmimagecaption</li></ul>] (else-if:$organicLayerTop)[<p>The organic layer remained in the separatory funnel as you worked on the aqueous layer. Watch the video below demonstrating the drainage of the final layer into a beaker:</p>$drainOrgTopvid <ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$SFBeakerOrgTopimage$SFBeakerOrgTopimagecaption</li></ul>] <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Which molecule does the <b>organic layer</b> contain at this point of the separation?</br><ul> <li>(link: $M1Acap)[(set: $moleculeBottom to $M1A)(goto: "feedbackBottomOne")]</li> <li>(link: $M1Bcap)[(set: $moleculeBottom to $M1B)(goto: "feedbackBottomOne")]</li> <li>(link: $M1Ccap)[(set: $moleculeBottom to $M1C)(goto: "feedbackBottomOne")]</li> <li>(link: $M1Dcap)[(set: $moleculeBottom to $M1D)(goto: "feedbackBottomOne")]</li> <li>(link: $M1Ecap)[(set: $moleculeBottom to $M1E)(goto: "feedbackBottomOne")]</li></ul></div></br>

<div class="step">Content of the Organic Layer</div> (if:$moleculeBottom is $M1A)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen the $moleculeBottom. This is <b>correct</b>! As this compound does not react with the 3 M NaOH used in the liquid-liquid extraction, it remains soluble in the organic layer. </p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record the molecule contained in the organic layer in your experimental outline.</br></div></p><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[choose sixth bottom<-Next]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$moleculeBottom is $M1B)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $moleculeBottom. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Recall that organic molecules are soluble in organic solvents when they are in their neutral, uncharged state and that you used 3 M NaOH as aqueous layer to ionize one of the two constituents of the mixture. Think of the constituent of the initial unknown mixture still dissolved in the organic layer.<div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[aqueous layer bottom<-Choose another molecule]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$moleculeBottom is $M1C)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $moleculeBottom. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Recall that organic molecules are soluble in organic solvents when they are in their neutral, uncharged state. What effect did the 3 M NaOH you used as aqueous layer have on the solubility of the organic components of the initial unknown mixture in the organic solvent? Think of the constituent of the initial unknown mixture still dissolved in the organic layer.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[aqueous layer bottom<-Choose another molecule]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$moleculeBottom is $M1D)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $moleculeBottom. This is <b>incorrect</b>. The <b>aqueous</b> layer is made up of water, and the chosen organic solvent is not miscible with water! Think of the constituent of the initial unknown mixture still dissolved in the organic layer.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[aqueous layer bottom<-Choose another molecule]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$moleculeBottom is $M1E)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $moleculeBottom. This is <b>incorrect</b>. The hydronium ion is very polar and therefore has low solubility in the organic phase. Additionally, you have chosen 3 M NaOH as the aqueous phase. The hydronium ion concentration is very low when the pH is basic. Think of the constituent of the initial unknown mixture still dissolved in the organic layer.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[aqueous layer bottom<-Choose another molecule]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Content of the Aqueous Layer</div> (if:$moleculeTop is $M1A)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $moleculeTop. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Recall that organic molecules are generally only soluble in water when they bear a non-zero charge. You used 3M NaOH to ionize one of the two constituents of the mixture!</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[aqueous layer top<-Choose another molecule]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$moleculeTop is $M1B)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $moleculeTop. This is <b>correct</b>! As the acid reacts with the 3 M NaOH used in the liquid-liquid extraction, it becomes a negatively charged ion soluble in the aqueous layer.</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record the molecule contained in the aqueous layer in your experimental outline.</br></div><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$BeakerAqilluspH$BeakerAqilluspHcaption</li></ul><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[choose sixth top<-Next]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$moleculeTop is $M1C)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p> You have chosen $moleculeTop. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Recall that organic molecules are generally only soluble in water when they bear a non-zero charge. You used an aqueous reagent to ionize one of the two constituents of the mixture!</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[aqueous layer top<-Choose another molecule]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$moleculeTop is $M1D)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $moleculeTop. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Although the aqueous layer is made up of mostly water, this is not a compound we are interested in isolating! Think about which constituent of the initial unknown mixture was extracted into the aqueous layer!</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[aqueous layer top<-Choose another molecule]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$moleculeTop is $M1E)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $moleculeTop. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Recall that you selected 3 M NaOH as aqueous layer. The hydronium ion concentration is very low when the pH is basic. Think about which constituent of the initial unknown mixture was extracted into the aqueous layer!</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[aqueous layer top<-Choose another molecule]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Treatment of the Aqueous Layer</div> <p>You now must choose an appropriate reagent to complete the isolation of the compound in the aqueous layer. This reagent should react with the conjugate base of the ionizable acid compound so it can return to its neutral (non-ionized) state and be retrieved from the aqueous layer. The aqueous layer currently has a pH of around 12.</p> =|= [<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$BeakerAqimage$BeakerAqimagecaption</li></ul>] =|= [<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$BeakerAqillus$BeakerAqilluscaption</li></ul>] |==| In the laboratory, you have access to the following reagents. <p><b>Click on a bottle to inspect the properties and hazard information</b> for each reagent if you need to review them.</p> <ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-item">[[reagent top a<-<div class="img-clickable">$B3Aimage</div>]]$B3Acaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[reagent top b<-<div class="img-clickable">$B3Bimage</div>]]$B3Bcaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[reagent top c<-<div class="img-clickable">$B3Cimage</div>]]$B3Ccaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[reagent top d<-<div class="img-clickable">$B3Dimage</div>]]$B3Dcaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[reagent top e<-<div class="img-clickable">$B3Eimage</div>]]$B3Ecaption</li></ul></br> <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Select your reagent:</br><ul> <li>(link: $R3A)[(set: $reagentThree to $R3A)(goto: "feedbackTopTwo")]</li><li>(link: $R3B)[(set: $reagentThree to $R3B)(goto: "feedbackTopTwo")]</li><li>(link: $R3C)[(set: $reagentThree to $R3C)(goto: "feedbackTopTwo")]</li><li>(link: $R3D)[(set: $reagentThree to $R3D)(goto: "feedbackTopTwo")]</li><li>(link: $R3E)[(set: $reagentThree to $R3E)(goto: "feedbackTopTwo")]</li></ul></div>

<div class="step">Treatment of the Organic Layer</div> <p>It’s time to choose an appropriate reagent to complete the isolation of the compound in the organic layer. This reagent should help remove traces of water left in the solvent. =|= [<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$BeakerOrgimage$BeakerOrgimagecaption</li></ul>] =|= [<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$BeakerOrgillus$BeakerOrgilluscaption</li></ul>] |==| In the laboratory, you have access to the following reagents. <p><b>Click on a bottle to inspect the properties and hazard information</b> for each reagent if you need to review them.</p> <ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-item">[[reagent bottom a<-<div class="img-clickable">$B3Aimage</div>]]$B3Acaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[reagent bottom b<-<div class="img-clickable">$B3Bimage</div>]]$B3Bcaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[reagent bottom c<-<div class="img-clickable">$B3Cimage</div>]]$B3Ccaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[reagent bottom d<-<div class="img-clickable">$B3Dimage</div>]]$B3Dcaption</li><li class="flex-item">[[reagent bottom e<-<div class="img-clickable">$B3Eimage</div>]]$B3Ecaption</li></ul> <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Select your reagent:</br><ul> <li>(link: $R3A)[(set: $reagentThree to $R3A)(goto: "feedbackBottomTwo")]</li> <li>(link: $R3B)[(set: $reagentThree to $R3B)(goto: "feedbackBottomTwo")]</li> <li>(link: $R3C)[(set: $reagentThree to $R3C)(goto: "feedbackBottomTwo")]</li> <li>(link: $R3D)[(set: $reagentThree to $R3D)(goto: "feedbackBottomTwo")]</li> <li>(link: $R3E)[(set: $reagentThree to $R3E)(goto: "feedbackBottomTwo")]</li></ul></div>

<div class="step">Treatment of the Aqueous Layer</div> (if:$reagentThree is $R3A or $R3B or $R3D or $R3E)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the reagent choice!</br></div></p>You chose $reagentThree. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Consider the fact that the appropriate reagent here will react with the deprotonated form of the ionizable acid compound (“salt of the acid”) and help obtain the compound in a form easy to isolate from the aqueous layer.<div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose sixth top<-Choose another reagent]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$reagentThree is $R3C)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the reagent choice!</br></div><p>You chose $reagentThree. This is <b>correct</b>! The concentrated acid is able to neutralize the deprotonated form of the ionizable acid compound (“salt of the acid”) and so the ionizable acid compound precipitates out of the aqueous layer.</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record your reagent choice in your experimental outline.</br></div> <p>Watch the following video demonstrating this portion of the procedure. Note down your reagent choice.</p>$R3Cvideo<p>After 12 M HCl was added until the pH reaches a value of around 2, the ionizable acid precipitates out of the solution and can be isolated. =|= [<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$BeakerAqPrecipimage$BeakerAqPrecipimagecaption</li></ul>] =|= [<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$BeakerAqPrecipillus$BeakerAqPrecipilluscaption</li></ul>] |==| <div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[choose seventh top<-Next]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Treatment of the Organic Layer</div> (if:$reagentThree is $R3A or $R3B or $R3C or $R3D)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the reagent choice!</br></div><p>You chose $reagentThree. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Consider the fact that the appropriate reagent here will help <b>remove traces of water</b> left behind in the organic layer. It should also be easy to remove prior to the rotary evaporation.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose sixth bottom<-Choose another reagent]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$reagentThree is $R3E)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the reagent choice!</br></div><p>You chose anhydrous sodium sulfate. This is <b>correct</b>! Due to its hygroscopic nature, this solid salt will absorb traces of water remaining in the organic layer.</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record your reagent choice in your experimental outline.</br></div><p>Watch the following video demonstrating this portion of the procedure.</p>$R3Evideo <p>After treatment with Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, the organic layer is now free of traces of water and therefore “dry”. =|= [<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$BeakerOrgPrecipimage$BeakerOrgPrecipimagecaption</li></ul>] =|= [<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$BeakerOrgPrecipillus$BeakerOrgPrecipilluscaption</li></ul>] |==| <div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[choose seventh bottom<-Next]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Content of the Acidified Aqueous Layer</div> <p>You now have the acidified aqueous layer. The solution has a pH of around 2 and contains a precipitate.<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$BeakerAqPrecipimage$BeakerAqPrecipimagecaption</li></ul></p> <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Which molecule has precipitated during the acidification?</br> <ul><li>(link: $P1Acap)[(set: $precipTop to $P1A)(goto: "feedbackTopThree")]</li> <li>(link: $P1Bcap)[(set: $precipTop to $P1B)(goto: "feedbackTopThree")]</li> <li>(link: $P1Ccap)[(set: $precipTop to $P1C)(goto: "feedbackTopThree")]</li> <li>(link: $P1Dcap)[(set: $precipTop to $P1D)(goto: "feedbackTopThree")]</li> <li>(link: $P1Ecap)[(set: $precipTop to $P1E)(goto: "feedbackTopThree")]</li></ul></div></br>

<div class="step">Isolation of Compound in Organic Layer</div> <p>You now have the dried organic layer and are ready to isolate the unknown compound it contains. You also need to remove the drying agent as you want the organic compound to be as pure as possible to help you identify it by taking its melting point.</p><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$BeakerOrgPrecipimage$BeakerOrgPrecipimagecaption</li></ul> <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Which of the following combined methods is appropriate to finish the isolation of the compound in the organic layer?</br><ul> <li>(link: $T1Acap)[(set: $techniqueBottom to $T1A)(goto: "feedbackBottomThree")]</li> <li>(link: $T1Bcap)[(set: $techniqueBottom to $T1B)(goto: "feedbackBottomThree")]</li> <li>(link: $T1Ccap)[(set: $techniqueBottom to $T1C)(goto: "feedbackBottomThree")]</li> <li>(link: $T1Dcap)[(set: $techniqueBottom to $T1D)(goto: "feedbackBottomThree")]</li> <li>(link: $T1Ecap)[(set: $techniqueBottom to $T1E)(goto: "feedbackBottomThree")]</li></ul></div>

<div class="step">Content of the Acidified Aqueous Layer</div>(if:$precipTop is $P1A)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $precipTop. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Recall that organic molecules are generally only soluble in water when they bear a non-zero charge. You used 3M NaOH to ionize one of the two constituents of the mixture!</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose seventh top<-Choose another molecule]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$precipTop is $P1B)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $precipTop. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Recall that organic molecules are soluble in water or aqueous solutions when they bear a non-zero charge. At a pH of 2, what form does the ionizable acid molecule take?</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose seventh top<-Choose another molecule]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$precipTop is $P1C)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen the $P1C. This is <b>correct</b>!</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record the molecule contained in the acidified aqueous layer in your experimental outline.</br></div></p><p>The 12 M HCl protonated the salt of the acid originally contained in the aqueous layer. Once the pH of the aqueous solution is strongly acidic (around 2), the ionizable acid bears no charge, it is no longer soluble in water and precipitates out.</p> <ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$BeakerAqPrecipilluspH$BeakerAqPrecipilluspHcaption</li></ul><br><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[choose eighth top<-Next]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$precipTop is $P1D)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $precipTop. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Although the aqueous solution is made up of mostly water, this is not a compound we are interested in isolating! Think about which constituent of the initial unknown mixture was extracted into the aqueous layer!</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose seventh top<-Choose another molecule]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$precipTop is $P1E)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $precipTop. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Although the hydronium ion concentration is indeed high as the pH reaches 2, but this is not the compound of interest. Think about which constituent of the initial unknown mixture was extracted into the aqueous layer!</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose seventh top<-Choose another molecule]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Isolation of Compound of Organic Layer</div>(if:$techniqueBottom is $T1A)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the method choice!</br></div><p>You chose $techniqueBottom. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Consider the fact that you want a combination of methods that will allow us to remove the drying agent and the solvent while minimizing the loss of the compound of interest.</p><p>Watch the video below for an explanation of why your choice of technique would not be optimal:</p>$T1Avideo <div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose seventh bottom<-Choose another method]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$techniqueBottom is $T1B)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the method choice!</br></div><p>You chose $techniqueBottom. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Consider the fact that you want a combination of methods that will allow us to remove the drying agent and the solvent while minimizing the loss of the compound of interest.</p><p>Watch the video below for an explanation of why your choice of technique would not be optimal:</p>$T1Bvideo <div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose seventh bottom<-Choose another method]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$techniqueBottom is $T1C)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the method choice!</br></div><p>You chose $techniqueBottom. This is <b>correct</b>! The spent sodium sulfate will remain in the beaker upon decanting and rotary evaporation quickly removes solvent under reduced pressure.</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record your isolation method choice in your experimental outline.</br></div><p>Watch the following video explaining the isolation of the compound found in the organic layer.</p>$T1Cvideo<p>You now have the isolated non-ionizable compound in a round bottom flask.</p><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$RBFimage$RBFimagecaption</li></ul><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[choose eighth bottom<-Next]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$techniqueBottom is $T1D)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the method choice!</br></div><p>You chose $techniqueBottom. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Consider the fact that you want a combination of methods that will allow us to remove the drying agent and the solvent while minimizing the loss of the compound of interest.</p><p>Watch the video below for an explanation of why your choice of technique would not be optimal:</p>$T1Dvideo<div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose seventh bottom<-Choose another method]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$techniqueBottom is $T1E)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the method choice!</br></div><p>You chose $techniqueBottom. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Consider the fact that you want a combination of methods that will allow us to remove the drying agent and the solvent while minimizing the loss of the compound of interest.</p><p>Watch the video below for an explanation of why your choice of technique would not be optimal:</p>$T1Evideo<div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose seventh bottom<-Choose another method]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Isolation of Compound in Acidified Aqueous Layer</div><p>You now have the acidified aqueous layer and are ready to isolate the unknown compound it contains. You want the organic compound to be as pure as possible to help you identify it by taking its melting point.</p> <ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$BeakerAqPrecipimage$BeakerAqPrecipimagecaption</li></ul> <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Which of the following methods is appropriate to finish the isolation of the compound in the aqueous layer?</br><ul> <li>(link: $T2Acap)[(set: $techniqueTop to $T2A)(goto: "feedbackTopFour")]</li> <li>(link: $T2Bcap)[(set: $techniqueTop to $T2B)(goto: "feedbackTopFour")]</li> <li>(link: $T2Ccap)[(set: $techniqueTop to $T2C)(goto: "feedbackTopFour")]</li> <li>(link: $T2Dcap)[(set: $techniqueTop to $T2D)(goto: "feedbackTopFour")]</li> <li>(link: $T2Ecap)[(set: $techniqueTop to $T2E)(goto: "feedbackTopFour")]</li></ul></div>

<div class="step">Compound Isolated from Organic Layer</div> <p>You now have the solid organic compound isolated from the organic layer in the round bottom flask.</p><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$RBFimage$RBFimagecaption</li></ul> <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Which component of the initial mixture have you isolated?</br><ul> <li>(link: $P2Acap)[(set: $precipBottom to $P2A)(goto: "feedbackBottomFour")]</li> <li>(link: $P2Bcap)[(set: $precipBottom to $P2B)(goto: "feedbackBottomFour")]</li> <li>(link: $P2Ccap)[(set: $precipBottom to $P2C)(goto: "feedbackBottomFour")]</li> <li>(link: $P2Dcap)[(set: $precipBottom to $P2D)(goto: "feedbackBottomFour")]</li> <li>(link: $P2Ecap)[(set: $precipBottom to $P2E)(goto: "feedbackBottomFour")]</li></ul></div>

<div class="step">Isolation of Compound in Acidified Aqueous Layer</div>(if:$techniqueTop is $T2A)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the method choice!</br></div><p>You chose $techniqueTop. This is <b>correct!</b> This method is ideal to quickly separate the mixture of a solid in a liquid when you are interested in the solid. The suction will help dry the ionizable acid compound in the Buchner funnel so you can take a melting point accurately.</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record your isolation method choice in your experimental outline.</br></div> <p>Watch the following video to see how the ionizable acid compound is isolated:</p>$T2Avideo<p>You now have the isolated ionizable acid compound in a watch glass, which you will identify by taking its melting point.</p> <p>After weighing the compound, you determined that the solid weighs $AcidMass.</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record the mass of the ionizable acid compound in your experimental outline.</br></div></p><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$WGimage$WGimagecaption</li></ul><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[choose ninth top<-Next]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$techniqueTop is $T2B)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the method choice!</br></div><p>You chose $techniqueTop. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Consider the fact that you have a mixture of a solid in a liquid. Which portion of the mixture are you interested in, and how can you isolate it quickly and efficiently?</p><p>Watch the video below for an explanation of why your choice of technique would not be optimal:</p>$T2Bvideo <div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose eighth top<-Choose another method]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$techniqueTop is $T2C)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the method choice!</br></div><p>You chose $techniqueTop. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Consider the fact that you have a mixture of a solid in a liquid. Which portion of the mixture are you interested in, and how can you isolate it quickly and efficiently?</p><p>Watch the video below for an explanation of why your choice of technique would not be optimal:</p>$T2Cvideo<div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose eighth top<-Choose another method]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$techniqueTop is $T2D)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the method choice!</br></div><p>You chose $techniqueTop. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Consider the fact that you have a mixture of a solid in a liquid. Which portion of the mixture are you interested in, and how can you isolate it quickly and efficiently?</p><p>Watch the video below for an explanation of why your choice of technique would not be optimal:</p>$T2Dvideo<div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose eighth top<-Choose another method]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$techniqueTop is $T2E)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You chose $techniqueTop. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Consider the fact that you have a mixture of a solid in a liquid. Which portion of the mixture are you interested in, and how can you isolate it quickly and efficiently?</p><p>Watch the video below for an explanation of why your choice of technique would not be optimal:</p>$T2Evideo<div class="flex-return"><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose eighth top<-Choose another method]]</span></button></div>]

(set: $topComplete to true) (if: $bottomComplete)[<div class="step">Isolation Complete!</div><p>We have isolated both compounds contained in the initial unknown mixture: the non-ionizable and the ionizable acid. We can now proceed to the identification of the two compounds by taking their melting points.</p><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$isolationComplete$isolationCompletecaption</li></ul><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Identify the unknowns->choose tenth]]</span></button></div>](else-if: not $bottomComplete)[<div class="step">Isolation of Compound in Organic Layer</div><p>You now have to finish the isolation of the compound in the organic layer. In the next portion of the virtual lab, you will work on the organic layer to retrieve the compound it contains to then identify it. </p><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$SFdraintoporg</li></ul><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Next->aqueous layer bottom]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Identification of the Isolated Compound</div><p>With the two components of the unknown sample separated from one another, we can now identify each molecule. =|= [<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$RBFimage$RBFimagecaption</li></ul>] =|= [<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-lab">$WGimage$WGimagecaption</li></ul>] |==| <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Select one of the two vessels to take the melting point of the solid it contains:</br> <ul><li>[[Round bottom flask->round bottom (neutral)]]</li> <li>[[Watch glass->weighing dish (acidic)]]</li></ul></div>

<div class="step">Compound Isolated from Organic Layer</div>(if:$precipBottom is $P2A)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen the non-ionizable compound. This is <b>correct</b>! As this compound does not react with the 3 M NaOH used in the liquid-liquid extraction, it remains soluble in the organic layer throughout the procedure.</p> <p>After weighing the compound, you determined that the solid weighs $NeutralMass.</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record the mass of the non-ionizable compound in your experimental outline.</br></div><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$RBFimage$RBFimagecaption</li></ul><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[choose ninth bottom<-Next]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$precipBottom is $P2B)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $precipBottom. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Recall that organic molecules are soluble in organic solvents when they are in their neutral, uncharged state and that you used 3 M NaOH as aqueous layer to ionize one of the two constituents of the mixture. Think of the constituent of the initial unknown mixture still dissolved in the organic layer.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose eighth bottom<-Choose another compound]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$precipBottom is $P2C)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $precipBottom. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Recall that organic molecules are soluble in organic solvents when they are in their neutral, uncharged state. What effect did the 3 M NaOH you used as aqueous layer have on the solubility of the organic components of the initial unknown mixture in the organic solvent? Think of the constituent of the initial unknown mixture still dissolved in the organic phase.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose eighth bottom<-Choose another compound]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$precipBottom is $P2D)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $precipBottom. This is <b>incorrect</b>. The <b>aqueous</b> layer is made up of water, and the chosen organic solvent is not miscible with water! In addition, you treated the organic layer with a drying to remove any leftover traces of water. Think of the constituent of the initial unknown mixture still dissolved in the organic layer.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose eighth bottom<-Choose another compound]]</span></button></div>] (else-if:$precipBottom is $P2E)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the molecule choice!</br></div><p>You have chosen $precipBottom. This is <b>incorrect</b>. The hydronium ion is very polar and therefore has low solubility in the organic phase. Additionally, you have chosen 3 M NaOH as the aqueous phase. The hydronium ion concentration is very low when the pH is basic. Think of the constituent of the initial unknown mixture still dissolved in the organic layer.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[choose eighth bottom<-Choose another compound]]</span></button></div>]

(set: $bottomComplete to true)(if: $topComplete)[<div class="step">Isolation Complete!</div><p>We have isolated both compounds contained in the initial unknown mixture: the non-ionizable and the ionizable acid. We can now proceed to the identification of the two compounds by taking their melting points.</p><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$isolationComplete$isolationCompletecaption</li></ul><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Identify the unknowns->choose tenth]]</span></button></div>](else-if: not $topComplete)[<div class="step">Isolation of Compound in Aqueous Layer</div><p>You now have to finish the isolation of the compound in the aqueous layer. In the next portion of the virtual lab, you will work on the aqueous layer to retrieve the compound it contains to then identify it.</p><ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$SFdraintopaq</li></ul><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Next->aqueous layer top]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Melting Point of the Solid Non-Ionizable Compound</div><p>The following video illustrates how the solid in the round bottom flask is sampled, then demonstrates the actual analysis. As you observe the sample being melted, be sure to record the temperature when the sample begins to melt, and the temperature when the solid is fully melted.</p> (if: $neutralCompound is $N1A)[$N1Avideo](else-if: $neutralCompound is $N1B)[$N1Bvideo](else-if: $neutralCompound is $N1C)[$N1Cvideo] <p>You will need this melting range to match it to the list of possible unknowns.</p>(if: $neutralCompound is $N1A)[<div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span> <br>What was the melting point you observed for the unknown non-ionizable compound?</br><ul> <li>(link: $N1Arange1)[(set: $rbGuessTemp to $N1Arange1)(goto: "feedbackRB-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $N1Arange2)[(set: $rbGuessTemp to $N1Arange2)(goto: "feedbackRB-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $N1Arange3)[(set: $rbGuessTemp to $N1Arange3)(goto: "feedbackRB-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $N1Arange4)[(set: $rbGuessTemp to $N1Arange4)(goto: "feedbackRB-MP")]</li></ul></div>] (else-if: $neutralCompound is $N1B)[<div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span> <br>What was the melting point you observed for the unknown neutral compound?</br><ul> <li>(link: $N1Brange1)[(set: $rbGuessTemp to $N1Brange1)(goto: "feedbackRB-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $N1Brange2)[(set: $rbGuessTemp to $N1Brange2)(goto: "feedbackRB-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $N1Brange3)[(set: $rbGuessTemp to $N1Brange3)(goto: "feedbackRB-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $N1Brange4)[(set: $rbGuessTemp to $N1Brange4)(goto: "feedbackRB-MP")]</li></ul></div>] (else-if: $neutralCompound is $N1C)[<div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span> <br>What was the melting point you observed for the unknown neutral compound?</br><ul> <li>(link: $N1Crange1)[(set: $rbGuessTemp to $N1Crange1)(goto: "feedbackRB-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $N1Crange2)[(set: $rbGuessTemp to $N1Crange2)(goto: "feedbackRB-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $N1Crange3)[(set: $rbGuessTemp to $N1Crange3)(goto: "feedbackRB-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $N1Crange4)[(set: $rbGuessTemp to $N1Crange4)(goto: "feedbackRB-MP")]</li></ul></div>]

<div class="step">Melting Point of the Solid Ionizable Acid Compound</div><p>The following video illustrates how the solid in the round bottom flask is sampled, then demonstrates the actual analysis. As you observe the sample being melted, be sure to record the temperature when the sample begins to melt, and the temperature when the solid is fully melted.</p> (if: $acidicCompound is $A1A)[$A1Avideo](else-if: $acidicCompound is $A1B)[$A1Bvideo](else-if: $acidicCompound is $A1C)[$A1Cvideo](else-if: $acidicCompound is $A1D)[$A1Dvideo](else-if: $acidicCompound is $A1E)[$A1Evideo]<p>You will need this melting range to match it to the list of possible unknowns.</p> (if: $acidicCompound is $A1A)[<div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span> <br>What was the melting point you observed for the unknown ionizable acid compound?</br><ul> <li>(link: $A1Arange1)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Arange1)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Arange2)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Arange2)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Arange3)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Arange3)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Arange4)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Arange4)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li></ul></div>] (else-if: $acidicCompound is $A1B)[<div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span> <br>What was the melting point you observed for the unknown ionizable acid compound?</br><ul> <li>(link: $A1Brange1)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Brange1)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Brange2)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Brange2)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Brange3)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Brange3)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Brange4)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Brange4)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li></ul></div>] (else-if: $acidicCompound is $A1C)[<div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span> <br>What was the melting point you observed for the unknown ionizable acid compound?</br><ul> <li>(link: $A1Crange1)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Crange1)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Crange2)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Crange2)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Crange3)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Crange3)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Crange4)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Crange4)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li></ul></div>] (else-if: $acidicCompound is $A1D)[<div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span> <br>What was the melting point you observed for the unknown ionizable acid compound?</br><ul> <li>(link: $A1Drange1)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Drange1)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Drange2)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Drange2)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Drange3)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Drange3)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Drange4)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Drange4)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li></ul></div>] (else-if: $acidicCompound is $A1E)[<div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span> <br>What was the melting point you observed for the unknown ionizable acid compound?</br><ul> <li>(link: $A1Erange1)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Erange1)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Erange2)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Erange2)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Erange3)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Erange3)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Erange4)[(set: $wdGuessTemp to $A1Erange4)(goto: "feedbackWD-MP")]</li></ul></div>]

<div class="step">Matching the Melting Point of the Non-Ionizable Compound</div><p>The list of possible non-ionizable compounds and their literature are included in the table below:</p> <p style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.2; margin:0;">Table of Possible Non-Ionizable (Neutral) Compounds in your Mixture<sup>3</sup></p> {<table class="table table-responsive"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Compound Name</th> <th>Melting Point (°C)</th> </tr> <tr> <td>$N1Acap</td> <td style="text-align:center;">47–51</td> </tr> <tr> <td>$N1Bcap</td> <td style="text-align:center;">111–114</td> </tr> <tr> <td>$N1Ccap</td> <td style="text-align:center;">80–82</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>} <p style="font-size: 14px;margin-top:-20px"><sup>3</sup>Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals, 2016-2017, Canada.</p> <p>The observed melting point was $rbGuessTemp.</p> <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>What is the identity of the non-ionizable compound based on this experimental data?</br><ul> <li>(link: $N1Acap)[(set: $neutralCompoundGuess to $N1A)(goto: "feedbackRB")]</li> <li>(link: $N1Bcap)[(set: $neutralCompoundGuess to $N1B)(goto: "feedbackRB")]</li> <li>(link: $N1Ccap)[(set: $neutralCompoundGuess to $N1C)(goto: "feedbackRB")]</li></ul></div>

<div class="step">Matching the Melting Point of the Ionizable Acid Compound</div> <p>The list of possible ionizable acid compounds and their literature are included in the table below:</p> <p style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.2; margin:0;">Table of Possible Acidic Compounds in your Mixture<sup>3</sup></p> {<table class="table table-responsive"> <tbody> <tr> <th>Compound Name</th> <th>Melting Point (°C)</th> </tr> <tr> <td>$A1Acap</td> <td style="text-align:center;">132–135</td> </tr> <tr> <td>$A1Bcap</td> <td style="text-align:center;">237–240</td> </tr> <tr> <td>$A1Ccap</td> <td style="text-align:center;">76–78</td> </tr> <td>$A1Dcap</td> <td style="text-align:center;">107–113</td> </tr> <td>$A1Ecap</td> <td style="text-align:center;">177–180</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>} <p style="font-size: 14px;margin-top:-20px"><sup>3</sup>Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals, 2016-2017, Canada.</p> <p>The observed melting point was $wdGuessTemp.</p> <div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>What is the identity of the ionizable acid compound based on this experimental data?</br><ul> <li>(link: $A1Acap)[(set: $acidicCompoundGuess to $A1A)(goto: "feedbackWD")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Bcap)[(set: $acidicCompoundGuess to $A1B)(goto: "feedbackWD")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Ccap)[(set: $acidicCompoundGuess to $A1C)(goto: "feedbackWD")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Dcap)[(set: $acidicCompoundGuess to $A1D)(goto: "feedbackWD")]</li> <li>(link: $A1Ecap)[(set: $acidicCompoundGuess to $A1E)(goto: "feedbackWD")]</li></ul></div>

<div class="step">Matching the Melting Point of the Non-Ionizable Compound</div>(if:$neutralCompoundGuess is $neutralCompound)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the identity of the non-ionizable compound!</br></div><p>You chose $neutralCompound. This is <b>correct</b>! Well done, you have properly identified the non-ionizable compound in the unknown mixture!</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record the identity of your non-ionizable compound in your experimental outline.</br></div> (if: $neutralCompound is $N1A)[<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$N1Aimage$N1Aimagecaption</li></ul>](else-if: $neutralCompound is $N1B)[<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$N1Bimage$N1Bimagecaption</li></ul>](else-if: $neutralCompound is $N1C)[<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$N1Cimage$N1Cimagecaption</li></ul>]<div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[final step<-Next]]</span></button></div>(set: $rbComplete to true)](else-if:$neutralCompoundGuess is not $neutralCompound)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the identity of the non-ionizable compound!</br></div><p>You chose $neutralCompoundGuess. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Remember that a molecule’s melting point is its signature. A pure compound will melt at a consistent temperature.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[round bottom table<-Choose another compound]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Matching the Melting Point of the Ionizable Acid Compound</div>(if:$acidicCompoundGuess is $acidicCompound)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the identity of the ionizable acid compound!</br></div><p>You chose $acidicCompound. This is <b>correct</b>! Well done, you have properly identified the ionizable acid compound in the unknown mixture!</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record the identity of your ionizable acid compound in your experimental outline.</br></div> (if: $acidicCompound is $A1A)[<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$A1Aimage$A1Aimagecaption</li></ul>](else-if: $acidicCompound is $A1B)[<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$A1Bimage$A1Bimagecaption</li></ul>](else-if: $acidicCompound is $A1C)[<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$A1Cimage$A1Cimagecaption</li></ul>](else-if: $acidicCompound is $A1D)[<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$A1Dimage$A1Dimagecaption</li></ul>](else-if: $acidicCompound is $A1E)[<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$A1Eimage$A1Eimagecaption</li></ul>]<div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[final step<-Next]]</span></button></div>(set: $wdComplete to true)](else-if:$acidicCompoundGuess is not $acidicCompound)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the identity of the ionizable acid compound!</br></div><p>You chose $acidicCompoundGuess. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Remember that a molecule’s melting point is its signature. A pure compound will melt at a consistent temperature.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[weighing dish table<-Choose another compound]]</span></button></div>]

(if: $wdComplete and $rbComplete)[<div class="step">Clean Your Virtual Workstation!</div> <p>You now have identified both compounds and are ready to wrap up the experiment. Make sure you clean all your glassware before leaving the laboratory!</p>$WGwashing<p>You will also need to calculate the recovery yield for both compounds to complete the experimental outline.</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Calculate and record your yields in your experimental outline</br></div><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Next->Exit]]</span></button></div>](else-if: $wdComplete)[<div class="step">Next Melting Point Analysis</div><p>You will now need to repeat the melting point analysis, but for the non-ionizable neutral compound.<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$RBFimage$RBFimagecaption</li></ul><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Next->round bottom (neutral)]]</span></button></div>](else-if: $rbComplete)[<div class="step">Next Melting Point Analysis</div><p>You will now need to repeat the melting point analysis, but for the ionizable acid compound.<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$WGimage$WGimagecaption</li></ul><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Next->weighing dish (acidic)]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">End of the Virtual Laboratory</div> <p>With both compounds identified and your lab space all cleaned, you have now finished the <b>Separation and Identification of a Binary Mixture: Ionizable Acid and Non-ionizable Compound Virtual Laboratory</b>.</p> <p><div class="done-doc"><br>Use all the recorded information on your experimental outline to complete your laboratory report.</br></div></p><h2>Want to try this again?</h2><p>If you wish, you can repeat this virtual lab with a new mixture of unknown compounds. Simply reload the lab by exiting this browser window and re-opening the link.</p>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B1Aimage$B1Acaption</li></ul> {{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">$R1Acap</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/diethyl-ether-black.png"><figcaption>Diethyl ether chemical structure, (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O</figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/flame.png"><figcaption>Flame</figcaption></li><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/exclamation-mark.png"><figcaption>Exclamation mark</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>POISON</p> <p>EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside> <aside class="aside molecule-data"> <p>Molecular Weight:<br />74.12 g/mol</p> <p>Density:<br />0.713 g/cm<sup>3</sup></p> <p>Boiling Point:<br />34.6 °C</p> <p>Immiscible with water</p> </aside> <footer class="medical">Extremely flammable liquid and vapour. Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Do not inhale vapours or mist. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT</b></p> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to solvent selection->choose first]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B1Bimage$B1Bcaption</li></ul> {{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">$R1Bcap</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/dichloromethane-black.png"><figcaption>Dichloromethane chemical structure, CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub></figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/exclamation-mark.png"><figcaption>Exclamation mark</figcaption></li><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/health-hazard.png"><figcaption>Health hazard</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>POISON</p> <p>CARCINOGEN</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside> <aside class="aside molecule-data"> <p>Molecular Weight:<br />84.93 g/mol</p> <p>Density:<br />1.33 g/cm<sup>3</sup></p> <p>Boiling Point:<br />40.0 °C</p> <p>Immiscible with water</p> </aside> <footer class="medical">Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Do not inhale vapours or mist. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. Suspected of causing cancer. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT</p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to solvent selection->choose first]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B1Cimage$B1Ccaption</li></ul> {<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">$R1Ccap</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/methanol-black.png"><figcaption>Methanol chemical structure, CH<sub>3</sub>OH</figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/flame.png"><figcaption>Flame</figcaption></li><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/skull-crossbones.png"><figcaption>Skull and crossbones</figcaption></li><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/health-hazard.png"><figcaption>Health hazard</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>POISON</p> <p>HIGHLY FLAMMABLE</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside> <aside class="aside molecule-data"> <p>Molecular Weight:<br />32.04 g/mol</p> <p>Density:<br />0.792 g/cm<sup>3</sup></p> <p>Boiling Point:<br />64.7 °C</p> <p>Miscible with water</p> </aside> <footer class="medical">Highly flammable liquid and vapour. Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Do not inhale vapours or mist. Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled. Causes damage to organs. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT </p></b> </footer> </div>} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to solvent selection->choose first]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B1Dimage$B1Dcaption</li></ul> {{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">$R1Dcap</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/ethyl-acetate-black.png"><figcaption>Ethyl acetate chemical structure, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub></figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/exclamation-mark.png"><figcaption>Exclamation mark</figcaption></li><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/flame.png"><figcaption>Flame</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>POISON</p> <p>HIGHLY FLAMMABLE</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside> <aside class="aside molecule-data"> <p>Molecular Weight:<br />88.11 g/mol</p> <p>Density:<br />0.902 g/cm<sup>3</sup></p> <p>Boiling Point:<br />77.0 °C</p> <p>Immiscible with water</p> </aside> <footer class="medical">Highly flammable liquid and vapour. Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Do not inhale vapours or mist. Causes eye serious irritation. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT </p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to solvent selection->choose first]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B1Eimage$B1Ecaption</li></ul> {<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">$R1Ecap</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/toluene-black.png"><figcaption>Toluene chemical structure, C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>8</sub></figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/flame.png"><figcaption>Flame</figcaption></li><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/exclamation-mark.png"><figcaption>Exclamation mark</figcaption></li><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/health-hazard.png"><figcaption>Health hazard</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>POISON</p> <p>HIGHLY FLAMMABLE</p> <p>TERATOGEN</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside> <aside class="aside molecule-data"> <p>Molecular Weight:<br />92.14 g/mol</p> <p>Density:<br />0.867 g/cm<sup>3</sup></p> <p>Boiling Point:<br />110.6 °C</p> <p>Immiscible with water</p> </aside> <footer class="medical">Highly flammable liquid and vapour. Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Do not inhale vapours or mist. Toxic by ingestion. Causes skin irritation. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. <b><p>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT </p></b> </div>} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to solvent selection->choose first]]</span></button> </div>

(if: $showFooter is true)[<center><div class="footer">All material licensed under the Ontario Commons License (Version 1.0) See (link: "Credits and Copyright")[(goto: "credits and copyright")]</div></center>]

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B2Aimage$B2Acaption</li></ul>{{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">Hydrochloric Acid (3 M)</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/HCl-black.png"><figcaption>Hydrochloric acid chemical structure, HCl<sub>aq</sub></figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/corrosive.png"><figcaption>Corrosive</figcaption></li><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/exclamation-mark.png"><figcaption>Exclamation mark</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>CORROSIVE</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside>  <footer class="medical">Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Do not inhale vapours or mist. Material is extremely destructive to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT.</p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to reagent selection->choose second]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B2Bimage$B2Bcaption</li></ul>{{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">Sodium Hydroxide (3 M)</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/NaOH-black.png"><figcaption>Sodium hydroxide chemical structure, NaOH</figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/corrosive.png"><figcaption>Corrosive</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>CORROSIVE</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside>  <footer class="medical">Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Do not inhale vapours or mist. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT.</p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to reagent selection->choose second]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B2Cimage$B2Ccaption</li></ul>{{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">Hydrochloric Acid (12 M)</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/HCl-black.png"><figcaption>Hydrochloric acid chemical structure, HCl<sub>aq</sub></figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/corrosive.png"><figcaption>Corrosive</figcaption></li><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/exclamation-mark.png"><figcaption>Exclamation mark</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>CORROSIVE</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside>  <footer class="medical">Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Do not inhale vapours or mist. Material is extremely destructive to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT.</p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to reagent selection->choose second]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B2Dimage$B2Dcaption</li></ul>{{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">Sodium Hydroxide (12 M)</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/NaOH-black.png"><figcaption>Sodium hydroxide chemical structure, NaOH</figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/corrosive.png"><figcaption>Corrosive</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>CORROSIVE</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside>  <footer class="medical">Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Do not inhale vapours or mist. Harmful to aquatic life. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT.</p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to reagent selection->choose second]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B2Eimage$B2Ecaption</li></ul>{{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">Saturated Sodium Chloride (aq.)</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/brine-black.png"><figcaption>Saturated sodium chloride (aq.), NaCl</figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <footer class="medical">Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Causes skin and eye irritation. Do not inhale vapours or mist. Material is irritating to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT.</p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to reagent selection->choose second]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B3Eimage$B3Ecaption</li></ul>{{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">Sodium Sulfate (anhydrous,solid)</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/sodium-sulfate-black.png"><figcaption>sodium sulfate (solid), Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <footer class="medical">Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Causes skin and eye irritation. Do not inhale dust. Material is irritating to the upper respiratory tract. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. <p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT.</p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to reagent selection->choose sixth top]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B3Aimage$B3Acaption</li></ul>{{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">Hydrochloric Acid (3 M)</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/HCl-black.png"><figcaption>Hydrochloric acid chemical structure, HCl<sub>aq</sub></figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/corrosive.png"><figcaption>Corrosive</figcaption></li><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/exclamation-mark.png"><figcaption>Exclamation mark</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>CORROSIVE</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside>  <footer class="medical">Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Do not inhale vapours or mist. Material is extremely destructive to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT.</p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to reagent selection->choose sixth top]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B3Dimage$B3Dcaption</li></ul>{{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">Sodium Hydroxide (12 M)</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/NaOH-black.png"><figcaption>Sodium hydroxide chemical structure, NaOH</figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/corrosive.png"><figcaption>Corrosive</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>CORROSIVE</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside> <footer class="medical">Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Do not inhale vapours or mist. Harmful to aquatic life. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT.</p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to reagent selection->choose sixth top]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B3Cimage$B3Ccaption</li></ul>{{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">Hydrochloric Acid (12 M)</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/HCl-black.png"><figcaption>Hydrochloric acid chemical structure, HCl<sub>aq</sub></figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/corrosive.png"><figcaption>Corrosive</figcaption></li><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/exclamation-mark.png"><figcaption>Exclamation mark</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>CORROSIVE</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside>  <footer class="medical">Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Do not inhale vapours or mist. Material is extremely destructive to the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT.</p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to reagent selection->choose sixth top]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B3Bimage$B3Bcaption</li></ul>{{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">Sodium Hydroxide (3 M)</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/NaOH-black.png"><figcaption>Sodium hydroxide chemical structure, NaOH</figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <article class="whmis-stickers"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-whmis"><img src="_twine/images/whmis/corrosive.png"><figcaption>Corrosive</figcaption></li></ul> </article> <aside class="aside warnings"> <p>DANGER</p> <p>CORROSIVE</p> <p>VAPOUR HARMFUL</p> </aside>  <footer class="medical">Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Do not inhale vapours or mist. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If inhaled, move person to fresh air; if not breathing, give artificial respiration. If swallowed, rinse mouth with plenty of water. Consult a physician.</p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT.</p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to reagent selection->choose sixth top]]</span></button> </div>

<ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$B3Eimage$B3Ecaption</li></ul>{{<div class="wrapper"> <header class="header">Sodium Sulfate (anhydrous, solid)</header> <article class="mainimage"> <ul class="flex-layout"><li class="flex-molecule"><img src="_twine/images/compounds/sodium-sulfate-black.png"><figcaption>sodium sulfate (solid), Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></figcaption></li> </ul> </article> <footer class="medical">Avoid contact with eyes and skin. Causes skin and eye irritation. Do not inhale dust. Material is irritating to the upper respiratory tract. <p><b>FIRST AID:</b> In case of contact, immediately flush the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. <p> <p><b>SEE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR PRODUCT.</p></b> </footer> </div>}} <div class="flex-return"> <button class="button return"><span>[[Return to reagent selection->choose sixth bottom]]</span></button> </div>

<div class="step">Melting Point of the Solid Non-Ionizable Compound</div>(if: $rbGuessTemp is $N1Arange1 or $N1Arange2 or $N1Brange3 or $N1Brange4 or $N1Crange3 or $N1Crange4)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the melting range!</br></div><p>You chose $rbGuessTemp. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Carefully observe the sample during the analysis. You should record the temperature when the solid just begins to melt, and the temperature once the sample has fully melted.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[round bottom (neutral)<-Choose another temperature]]</span></button></div>] (else-if: $rbGuessTemp is $N1Arange4 or $N1Brange1 or $N1Crange2)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the melting range!</br></div><p>You chose $rbGuessTemp. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Melting points should be recorded as ranges. You should record the temperature when the solid just begins to melt, and the temperature once the sample has fully melted.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[round bottom (neutral)<-Choose another temperature]]</span></button></div>](else:)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the melting range!</br></div><p>You chose $rbGuessTemp. This is <b>correct</b>! The experimental melting point can vary based on the purity of the isolated compound. Great work making careful observations to record the melting range!</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record the melting point for the non-ionizable compound in your experimental outline.</br></div><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Next->round bottom table]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Melting Point of the Solid Ionizable Acid Compound</div>(if: $wdGuessTemp is $A1Arange2 or $A1Arange4 or $A1Brange2 or $A1Brange4 or $A1Crange2 or $A1Crange3 or $A1Drange1 or $A1Drange4 or $A1Erange1 or $A1Erange3)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the melting range!</br></div><p>You chose $wdGuessTemp. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Carefully observe the sample during the analysis. You should record the temperature when the solid just begins to melt, and the temperature once the sample has fully melted.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[weighing dish (acidic)<-Choose another temperature]]</span></button></div>] (else-if: $wdGuessTemp is $A1Arange3 or $A1Brange1 or $A1Crange4 or $A1Drange3 or $A1Erange2)[<div class="incorrect"><br>Incorrect answer for the melting range!</br></div><p>You chose $wdGuessTemp. This is <b>incorrect</b>. Melting points should be recorded as ranges. You should record the temperature when the solid just begins to melt, and the temperature once the sample has fully melted.</p><div class="flex-return"><button class="button return"><span>[[weighing dish (acidic)<-Choose another temperature]]</span></button></div>] (else:)[<div class="correct"><br>Correct answer for the melting range!</br></div><p>You chose $wdGuessTemp. This is <b>correct</b>! The experimental melting point can vary based on the purity of the isolated compound. Great work making careful observations to record the melting range!</p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Record the melting point for the ionizable acid compound in your experimental outline.</br></div><div class="flex-proceed"><button class="button proceed"><span>[[Next->weighing dish table]]</span></button></div>]

<div class="step">Introduction</div> <h1>Virtual Lab: Liquid-Liquid Extraction</h1><h2>Separation and Identification of a Binary Mixture: Ionizable Acid and Non-ionizable Compound</h2> <p>Liquid-liquid extraction is a very common technique used in multiple fields from quality analysis of pharmaceutical products to refining chemicals on an industrial scale. This method uses the varying acid-base and solubility properties of organic molecules to separate them. In this virtual lab, you will perform the separation of an unknown solid mixture composed of an <b>ionizable acid</b> and a <b>non-ionizable (neutral) compound</b>. The lab will randomly assign you an unknown mixture to work with.</p> <ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$LLEintro</li></ul> <p>As you work through this simulation, you will: <ul><li><b>Make choices</b>, such as which reagent is appropriate or which isolation method to use. In doing so, you will be applying experimental design and identifying gaps in your knowledge in this safe space.</li> <li><b>View actual experimental techniques</b> via videos taken in the laboratory of all the major steps of this procedure.</li> <li>Finally, you will <b>make a conclusion</b> about the identity of both components in your mixture based on each component’s melting point.</li></ul></p> <p><h2>Before You Begin</h2></p> <p><b>Review the Liquid-Liquid Extraction Laboratory Unit</b> so you feel confident with concepts of acid-base chemistry, laboratory equipment, and techniques. This virtual lab is for you to make intentional decisions and not ‘guess’ what the right answer would be! If you struggle with decisions when completing the lab, review relevant sections of this laboratory unit again or reach out for help.</p> <p><b>Complete the associated Pre-Laboratory Quiz.</b> This quiz will test your understanding of the above laboratory unit.</p> <p>Set aside <b>60 minutes</b> to complete the virtual laboratory.</p> <div class="flex-proceed"> <button class="button proceed"><span>[[Continue->instructions]]</span></button></div>

<div class="step">Introduction</div> <h2>Learning Objectives</h2><p>By the end of this virtual lab, you should be able to:<ul><li>Use liquid-liquid extraction to separate an unknown mixture composed of an acid and a neutral compound and isolate both constituents.</li><li>Identify which of the two compounds can be extracted into the aqueous layer using its acid-base properties.</li><li>Visualize the phase change caused by ionization of organic molecules.</li><li>Choose the appropriate reagents at each stage of the liquid-liquid extraction by following acid-base and laboratory safety principles.</li></ul></p> <ul class="flex-container"><li class="flex-image">$fhEmptyImage</ul></li><p>For safety reasons, you will be working inside the fume hood for your experiment today. The fume hood protects you from several hazards in the organic chemistry lab:<ul><li>The air flow contains potentially harmful (toxic, flammable, or noxious smelling) fumes from organic solvents and other chemicals used.</li><li>When properly lowered, the glass sash also protects your face and upper body from splashes. The sash can also be fully closed if a fire starts in the fume hood and provide a barrier to slow the fire spread.</li></ul></p><div class="flex-proceed"> <button class="button proceed"><span>[[Begin->choose first]]</span></button></div><div style="clear: both;"></div>

(set: $showFooter to false)<div class="step">Credits and Copyrights</div> <center><img src="_twine/images/ecampus-logo.png";alt="eCampus Ontario logo"></center><p>This project is made possible with funding by the Government of Ontario and through eCampusOntario’s support of the Virtual Learning Strategy. To learn more about the Virtual Learning Strategy visit: <a href="https://vls.ecampusontario.ca" target="_blank">https://vls.ecampusontario.ca</a>.</p> <br> <b><u>Lead Subject Matter Expert</u></b> <ul><li><a href="mailto:lracicot@uwaterloo.ca">Dr. Leanne Racicot</a>, Laboratory Instructor, Chemistry Department, University of Waterloo</li></ul><b><u>Instructional Designers</u></b> <ul><li>Julia Burke, Online Learning Consultant, Centre for Extended Learning, University of Waterloo</li> <li>Marie Lippens, Lead Learning Consultant, WatSPEED, University of Waterloo</li></ul> <b><u>Developers</u></b> <ul><li>Nick Szyngiel, Instructional Digital Media Developer, Centre for Extended Learning, University of Waterloo</li> <li>Renzo Gutierrez, Lab Simulation Development Assistant (co-op student), Chemistry Department, University of Waterloo</li></ul> <b><u>Consulting Subject Matter Experts</u></b> <ul><li>Julie M. Goll, Instructor, Chemistry Department, University of Waterloo</li> <li>Dr. François Magnan, Senior Undergraduate Laboratory Coordinator, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa</li> <li>Dr. Wendy Pell, Undergraduate Laboratories Manager, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa</li> <li>Dr. Mark S. Workentin, Professor, Chemistry Department, Western University</li> <li>Dr. Thorsten Dieckmann, Associate Professor, Chemistry Department, University of Waterloo</li></ul> <b><u>Experimenters in videos</u></b> <ul><li>Renzo Gutierrez, Lab Simulation Development Assistant (co-op student), Chemistry Department, University of Waterloo</li> <li>Lauryn Quinn, Course and Technical Support Assistant (co-op student), Chemistry Department, University of Waterloo</li></ul> <b><u>Other Contributors</u></b> <ul><li>Robert Laurin, Media Production Specialist, Instructional Technologies and Media Services, University of Waterloo</li> <li>Numbo Da Rocha Pereira, Online Learning Assistant (co-op student), Chemistry Department, University of Waterloo</li> <li>Eileen Tudorica, Online Learning Assistant (co-op student), Chemistry Department, University of Waterloo</li> <li>Sanil Bhimani, Course and Technical Support Assistant (co-op student), Chemistry Department, University of Waterloo</li></ul> <b><u>Laboratory Equipment Diagrams</u></b> <ul><li>Created with <a href="https://chemix.org/" target="_blank">Chemix</a></li></ul> <b><u>Icons</u></b> <ul><li><a href="https://thenounproject.com/icon/download-1939626/" target="_blank">Download</a> by icon 54 from NounProject.com</li> <li><a href="https://thenounproject.com/icon/compose-1939615/" target="_blank">Compose</a> by icon 54 from NounProject.com</li> <li><a href="https://thenounproject.com/icon/checkmark-circle-1939611/" target="_blank">Checkmark circle</a> by icon 54 from NounProject.com</li><li><a href="https://thenounproject.com/icon/remove-speech-bubble-1939784/" target="_blank">Remove speech bubble</a> by icon 54 from NounProject.com</li><li><a href="https://thenounproject.com/icon/honour-badge-1939674/" target="_blank">Honour badge</a> by icon 54 from NounProject.com</li> <li><a href="https://thenounproject.com/icon/done-postit-396616/" target="_blank">Done Post-it</a> by icon 54 from NounProject.com</li>

<div class="step">Introduction</div> <h1>Instructions for the Virtual Lab</h1> <p>This virtual lab incorporates videos of genuine experimentation in the lab and graphics illustrating what is occurring at the molecular level at key stages of the procedure. These videos and images <b><i>will adapt</i></b> based on your individual choices. This will equip you with a strong understanding of the process of liquid-liquid extraction and the techniques for completing this lab. </p> <p><h2>Experimental Design Choices</h2></p> <p>Throughout this lab, you will reach <b>Decision Points</b>, where you need to make experimental design choice. Some options will steer the virtual lab in a certain way, but most will have a clear correct or incorrect answer. If you select incorrectly, you can return and try again. Feedback describes why each choice is correct or incorrect. This is a learning process! Use wrong answers as a learning opportunity, and you will not be penalized for making errors along the way in the virtual lab. </p><p><div class="selection"><span class="instruction-text">Decision Point</span><br>Select your aqueous reagent:</br><ul> <li>Option 1</li><li>Option 2</li><li>Option 3</li><li>Option 4</li></ul></div></p> <p><h2>The Experimental Outline</h2></p> <p>You will see the <b>Experimental Outline</b> highlight box reminding you to record your observations and results. This organizes your findings and demonstrates that you’ve completed this lab. At the end of this lab, follow the instructions in the laboratory unit to submit the completed outline.</p> <p><div class="exp-outline"><span class="instruction-text">Experimental Outline</span><br>Note down your data in your experimental outline!</br></div></p> <p>Download the Experimental Outline file below. It is a fillable PDF form you can complete electronically or print it to fill it by hand.</p> <p><div class="dwnld-doc"><span class="instruction-text">Download File</span><br>Download the $ExpOutlineLink here.</br></div></p> <p><h2>Why 60 minutes?</h2></p> <p>One hour should give you time to go through all stages of the experiment, view the feedback videos, and complete the experimental outline. This time limit is not enforced (the virtual lab will not quit!). You can take longer than one hour, but we encourage you to review the laboratory and be prepared for the virtual experiment just as you would before an in-person lab.</p> <p><b>Important! <i>If you need to exit this lab mid-completion, you cannot return to where you left off.</i></b> You will need to return and start from the beginning. This is why we recommend allowing yourself at least one hour of time.</p> <p>The more prepared you are, the faster you will complete the experiment – just like in a physical lab! While in this virtual lab, you can return and repeat the full experiment, this is often not possible in a physical laboratory.</p> <p><h2>Tips</h2></p> <p>You are welcome to take screenshots for your personal notes. You must have written consent of your instructor to post any course content online.</p> <p>You can review videos in full screen, turn on the closed captioning, and/or change the playback speed.</p> <div class="flex-proceed"> <button class="button proceed"><span>[[Continue->learning objectives]]</span></button></div>